Energy Dissipation Studies on Model Control Structures Using an Avalanche Chute

摘要: Design of avalanche control structures in middle and runout zones an requires a careful study the flow-structure its interaction with defence mechanisms. To investigate flowing snow mass obstacles (friction blocks) different geometries, series experiments were conducted 61m long chute. The flows generated are approximated as avalanche-like they show typical features such steady velocity along track, longitudinal spreading almost fluidized characteristics despite smooth chute surface. intelligent design upper part, which widens immediately after release allows lateral this step ensures highly desirable flow behavior generally observed natural avalanches. In study, we report on model form mounds, blunt body similar projection area comparable height to depth catch dam. retarding effects investigated by direct measurement at various sections using CCD Cameras, run -out length location center final debris deposited. experimental results can be helpful predicting around obstacles. that currents detach from top jet granular jump is created, sufficient dissipation energy possibility shock wave traveling upstream direction. effect several arrangements layout mounds their was examined. It more than two times depth, lead significant reduction length. However, low depths effectiveness because avalanching splits into segments profile very close bed slope. On contrary, when same order magnitude obstacle height, mound becomes effective detaches travels much larger distance high velocity, while case formed both horizontal vertical directions, comparatively less distance. traverse direction useful determining between rows barriers. KEY-WORDS: flows, dynamic similarity, Froude number, large scale experiments, ratio