Low-energy district heating in energy-efficient building areas

摘要: Abstract This paper presents an innovative low-energy district heating (DH) concept based on low-temperature operation. The decreased demand from buildings affects the cost-effectiveness of traditionally-designed DH systems, so we carried out a case study annual energy performance network for houses in Denmark. We took into account effect human behaviour demand, number connected to network, socio-economic comparison with ground source heat pumps, and opportunities optimization design, operational temperature pressure. In north-European climate, found that can lead 50% higher 60% power than those anticipated reference values standard calculations patterns energy-efficient buildings. considerable impact should clearly be included simulations. also showed systems are robust ensure security supply each customer cost-effective environmentally friendly way areas linear density down 0.20 MWh/(m year), levelized cost is competitive scenario pumps. investment costs represent up three quarters overall expenditure, over time horizon 30 years; so, implementation system fully relies renewable needs substantial capital investment, but long term this sustainable environmental points view. Having demonstrated value concept, evaluated various possible designs aim finding optimal solution regard economic efficiency issues. Here advantage low return temperatures, their design operation superior low-flow total primary use best was 14.3% lower standard, recently designed networks, distribution losses were halved. Moreover, exploitation entire available pressure by means careful average pipe size required, which slightly lowers purchasing laying pipelines ground. fits vision future energy-sustainable society.