Aircraft and high speed train substitution: the case for airline and railway integration.

摘要: Aircraft and High Speed Train (HST) operations usually result in competition between the airlines the railways, leading former to resist mode substitution thus limiting its potential benefits. This research proposes a different model of substitution, one which replace aircraft by HST on some routes but continue provide services through code share agreements with railways operate HST. In addition, the model assumes that service is provided from airport fully integrated with the rest airline's route network, airline railway integration. Under this model, has shown airlines benefit integration (as well as the airports) have an incentive adopt substitution. Furthermore, passengersa nd society also benefit, travel time savings the latter reduced environmental pollution, making win-win option. Adopting empirical approach, benefits are evaluated using Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) Multi Criteria (MCA) frameworks, London Heathrow Paris as case study. The analysis showed rail services at airports alternative investment in increasing runway capacity secures additional comparable cost. Specifically for Heathrow, was found be only option to resolve Government's three main policy goals airport, namely preserving its international competitive position transfer/hub order secure its contribution to national economy; increasing regions, accessibility the regions world; curb impact environment. Furthermore, modes, key target UK EU, is promoted. The above holds other well. Following above, recommends adopting integration as calls definition air transport infrastructure changed include lines stations. On methodological aspects, use detailed analysis, includes the use comprehensive evaluation practices, recommended basis forming transport policies. analysis it necessary rely CBA results, but the recommendation support these results MCA evidence its robustness. common units passenger-km are not always appropriate important present units.