The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance: Observation of Work Practices in Natural Settings

摘要: Keywords: Ethnography, Workplace Study, Practice, Participant Observation, Ethnomethodology, Lived Work Introduction Expertise is not just about inference applied to facts and heuristics, but being a social actor. Observation of natural settings begins with laboratory behavioral tasks – problems fed “subject” how work methods are adapted evaluated by experts themselves, as situations experienced problematic formulated defined plans. My focus in this chapter on socially physically located behaviors, especially those involving conversations, tools, informal (ad hoc) interactions. How an observer engages practitioners setting itself requires expertise, including concepts, for understanding other people's motives problems, often coupled systems design. By watching people at everyday (Rogoff & Lave 1984) observing activities over time different circumstances, we can study document practices , proficient domain practitioners. This introduces illustrates theoretical framework well (or natural) manner that enables possibly improving the done. In first part chapter, I explain notion historical development observation settings. middle part, elaborate perspective ethnomethodology, contrasting ways viewing workplaces, units analysis representing observations.