Nipah virus: impact, origins, and causes of emergence.

摘要: Nipah virus is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe febrile encephalitis resulting in death 40% to 75% of human cases. considered a biosafety level-4 and listed as select agent with high risk for public health security due its mortality rate people the lack effective vaccines or therapies. The natural reservoir related members genus Henipavirus are fruit bats Pteropus. emerged Malaysia 1998 porcine neurologic respiratory disease spread humans who had contact live, infected pigs. Research reviewed this paper suggests anthropogenic factors, including agricultural expansion intensification, were underlying emergence. has caused five subsequent outbreaks between 2001 2005 Bangladesh. Here, it appears have spilled over directly from humans, person-to-person transmission evident suggesting heightened risk.