Femoral anteversion: significance and measurement

摘要: Femoral neck anteversion (FNA) is the angle between femoral and shaft, indicating degree of torsion femur. Differences in FNA affect biomechanics hip, through alterations factors such as moment arm lengths joint loading. Altered gait associated with differences may also contribute to development a wide range skeletal disorders including osteoarthritis. varies by up 30° within apparently healthy adults. increases substantially during gestation thereafter decreases steadily until maturity. There some evidence further decrease at much lower rate adulthood into old age, but mechanisms behind it have never been studied. Development appears be strongly influenced mechanical forces experienced everyday movements. This evidenced large groups where movement impaired, children born breech or individuals neuromuscular conditions cerebral palsy. Several methods can used assess FNA, which yield different values 20° same participant. While MRI CT are clinically, limitations their cost, scanning time exposure ionising radiation limit applicability longitudinal population studies, particularly children. More broadly, applicable measures ultrasound functional tests exist, they limited poor reliability validity. These issues highlight need for valid reliable universally accepted method. Treatment clinically problematic usually de-rotational osteotomy; passive, non-operative do not any effect. Despite observational effects physical activity on development, efficacy targeted remains unexplored. The aim this review describe biomechanical clinical consequences influencing strengths weaknesses FNA.