Water-Based Drilling Fluid Formulation using Silica and Graphene Nanoparticles for Unconventional Shale Applications

摘要: Abstract The development of unconventional shales started a new era in the oil and gas industry. These reservoirs represent challenge to conventional drilling fluids since fluid invasion, cutting dispersion, or shale swelling can lead wellbore instability problems. Although oil-based (OBM) are capable control these issues, environmental economic concerns limit its application. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have introduced perspective technology, offering unique alternative improve performance water-based (WBM) for applications. This research evaluates potential using silica (SiO2-NPs) graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) formulate nanoparticle (NP-WBM). study considers bottom-up approach, selecting NPs based on Woodford Shale's characterization focuses primary objective finding most suitable NP combination enhance rheological, filtration inhibition properties customized NP-WBM. included X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). zeta-potential technique was used assess stability NPs. NP-WBM evaluated by means API test (LTLP), high-temperature/high-pressure (HTHP) rheological measurements viscometer. Finally, capability tested against through immersion dispersion tests. NPs' revealed that both additives provide stable suspensions with values