Engineered 3D printed poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/graphene scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

摘要: Abstract Scaffolds are important physical substrates for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Multiple factors could influence the optimal design of scaffolds a specific tissue, such as geometry, materials used to modulate differentiation, its biodegradability biocompatibility. The scaffold tissue strongly depends on both manufacturing processes. Previous studies human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) seeded poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL)/graphene have proved that addition small concentrations graphene PCL improves proliferation. Based results, this paper further investigates, first time, in vitro vivo characteristics 3D printed PCL/graphene scaffolds. were evaluated from morphological, biological short term immune response points view. Results show produced induce an acceptable level response, suggesting high potential applications. Finally, treat rat calvaria critical size defect with without applying micro electrical stimulation (10 μA). Quantification connective new bone formation levels ALP, RANK, RANKL, OPG considered. use containing seems increase migration influx, leading formation, well-organized deposition remodelling.