Alkyl, aryl, alkylarylquinoline, and related alkaloids.

摘要: The Rutaceae continues to be the primary source of new alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones. In past 17 years, overall distribution these alkaloid types within family has changed little since chemosystematics reviews by Waterman (270), Mester (40), da Silva et al. (279). Alkylquinolones dominate reported isolations with about 51% total, arylquinolones (16%), alkylquinolines (15%), alkylarylquinolines (11%), arylquinolines (3%), alkylarylquinolones (2%), quinolines (2%) as significant structural groups contributing remainder this class alkaloids. alkylarylquinolin/one alkaloids occur in 50 species belonging 24 genera 6 subfamilies. Despite intensive chemical exploration many from other plants Rutales family, but not Rutaceae, first alkylquinolone a simaroubaceous plant (160) was until 1997. Although additional have been reported, some (Bo.4), substantial biosynthetic work on plant-derived alkylquinolin/ones yet carried out. biosynthesis bacteria firmly established being derived anthranilic acid. Outside Rutales, alkylarylquinolin/ones found, except for simple quinoline (A.1; only one) 2-methylquinoline derivatives Zygophyllaceae, an atypical quinolone derivative (Ao.1) Asteraceae family. A few 3-phenylquinolines (2), 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (1), quinoline-quinazoline (1) single genus Zygophyllaceae. Tryptophan-derived higher are confined 2-carboxylicquinolin/ones (6) 4-carbaldehydequinolines (5); former found Ephedraceae (5), Boraginaceae Fagaceae Ginkgoaceae Plumbaginaceae Solanaceae Apiaceae latter Moraceae (3), Alliaceae Pontederiacae (1). number quinolones glycine polyketide is also limited. 5-Alkyl-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-ones (8) Euphorbiaceae, 5-alkyaryl-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-ones ((3) Sterculiaceae. Alkylquinolin/ones well-known typical three Proteobacteria Actinobacteria; Pseudomonas yielded majority (46%) total (39). 2-Carboxylicquinolin/ones (4) minor constituents both divisions bacteria. More interesting quinolactacins (7), which second nitrogen L-valine or L-isoleucine, recently fungus Penicillium. Many diverse served directly medicines lead compounds synthesis (258) improved biological profile. It apparent summary view that they help confirm affinity between Rutoideae tribes provide firm support placing Spathelioideae Dictyolomatoideae close more primitive Zanthoxyleae tribe. On hand, fungi needed studies. When data become available, it likely useful systematic correlations will emerge. detailed studies regarding pathways needed. Such would clarify differences based their derivation acid rutaceous plants. Finally, survey indicates various bacterial fungal offer considerable potential discovery known possibly valuable activities.