Foraging investment in a long‐lived herbivore and vulnerability to coursing and stalking predators

摘要: Allocating resources to growth and reproduction requires grazers invest time in foraging, but foraging promotes dental senescence constrains expression of proactive antipredator behaviors such as vigilance. We explored the relationship between carnivore prey selection effort using incisors collected from kills coursing stalking carnivores. predicted that investing less would be killed more frequently by coursers, predators often exploit physical deficiencies. However, could expect delayed senescence. individuals stalkers, behavioral vulnerabilities. Further these earlier tested predictions comparing variation age-corrected tooth wear, a proxy cumulative effort, adult (3.4-11.9 years) wildebeest Predator type was strong predictor wear within each gender. found greater expected senescence, equivalent 2.6 additional years female stalkers than females coursers. male showed opposite pattern with 2.4 years males coursers compared those stalkers. Sex-specific effects on vulnerability unexpected suggests aspects may not subject same selective pressures across genders multipredator landscapes.