Population growth of Daphnia magna under multiple stress conditions : joint effects of temperature, food, and cadmium

摘要: Aquatic organisms in the field often are exposed to combinations of stress factors various origins. Little is known interaction between different types stressors; hence, predictability their joint effects low. Therefore, present study analyzed temperature, food, and cadmium on population growth rate water flea Daphnia magna. The results revealed that cadmium, as well interactions, were important influenced life-history parameters and, a consequence, D. In general, increased at high temperature food level but decreased when was present. positive effect smallest limiting levels. Negative enhanced elevated temperatures, whereas levels protected daphnids from adverse cadmium. To avoid over- or underestimation regarding toxicity substances populations, standard tests should be applied location-specific way.