Specificity: A Phenotypic Comparison of Communication-Relevant Domains Between Youth With Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome.

摘要: Despite the shared presence of an intellectual disability (ID), there is a growing literature documenting important phenotypic differences between Down syndrome (DS) and fragile X (FXS). These conclusions, however, are based on synthesis across studies, each which typically includes only measures limited number constructs, with differing participant characteristics. Firmer conclusions regarding specific phenotypes require single comprehensive multi-domain assessment participants groups being well matched chronological age (CA) cognitive functioning. The current study was designed to fill this gap by assessing several behavioral domains relevant communication, such as: structural language skills, false belief understanding, as pragmatics difficulties, in 30 adolescents both sexes DS 39 males FXS, CA nonverbal (NV) cognition. After statistically controlling for NV cognition, we did not find significant expressive receptive or understanding. In contrast, displayed less stereotyped fewer difficulties compared FXS. Within-syndrome associations among targeted described. Finally, females were impaired than almost all domains, whereas no sex-related observed pragmatics, behavior. Clinical methodological implications findings discussed.