The von Economo neurons in frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex in great apes and humans

作者: John M. Allman , Nicole A. Tetreault , Atiya Y. Hakeem , Kebreten F. Manaye , Katerina Semendeferi

DOI: 10.1007/S00429-010-0254-0

关键词: Frontotemporal dementiaInsular cortexAnterior cingulate cortexAutonomic nervous systemAmygdalaDISC1PopulationAnatomyPsychologyCortex (anatomy)Neuroscience

摘要: The von Economo neurons (VENs) are large bipolar located in frontoinsular (FI) and anterior cingulate cortex great apes humans, but not other primates. We performed stereological counts of the VENs FI LA (limbic anterior, a component cortex) humans. more numerous humans than apes, although one gorilla approached lower end human range. also examined ontological development first appear small numbers 36th week post-conception, rare at birth, increase number during 8 months after birth. There significantly right hemisphere left postnatal brains This asymmetry VEN may be related to asymmetries autonomic nervous system. activity inferior insula, which contains FI, is physiological changes body, decision-making, error recognition, awareness. projection neurons, their targets unknown. made preliminary study connections based on diffusion tensor imaging brain gorilla. VEN-containing regions connect frontal pole as well parts insular cortex, septum, amygdala. It likely that projecting some or all these structures relaying information control, selectively express bombesin peptides neuromedin B (NMB) gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) expressed another population closely fork cells. NMB GRP signal satiety. genes for populations mice. These cells involved regulation appetite. loss satiety signaling patients with frontotemporal dementia who have damage FI. morphological specializations an ancient control appetite present mammals. found protein encoded by gene DISC1 (disrupted schizophrenia) preferentially VENs. has undergone rapid evolutionary change line leading since it suppresses dendritic branching distinctive morphology.

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