Long-term vitamin A deficiency induces alteration of adult mouse spermatogenesis and spermatogonial differentiation: direct effect on spermatogonial gene expression and indirect effects via somatic cells.

摘要: Abstract The objective of this study was to further understand the genetic mechanisms vitamin A deficiency (VAD) induced arrest spermatogonial stem-cell differentiation. Vitamin and its derivatives (the retinoids) participate in many physiological processes including vision, cellular differentiation reproduction. VAD affects spermatogenesis, subject our present study. Spermatogenesis is a highly regulated process complex morphologic alterations that leads formation sperm seminiferous epithelium. causes early cessation characterized by degeneration meiotic germ cells, leading tubules containing mostly type spermatogonia Sertoli cells. These observations led us hypothesis not only cells but also somatic To investigate effects on spermatogenesis mice we used adult Balb/C fed with Control or diet for an extended period time (6–28 weeks). We first observed chronology, then extent testes. Using microarray analysis isolated pure populations spermatogonia, Leydig from control 18- 25-week mice, examined gene expression identified target genes involved spermatogenesis. Our results provide more precise definition chronology magnitude consequences mouse testes than previously available literature highlight direct indirect (via cells) cell