Equine Heart Disease: An Overview

摘要: The clinician must appreciate unique aspects of equine cardiovascular physiology in order to distinguish normal variation from a pathophysiologic state. Cardiovascular problems the horse include auscultation cardiac murmurs, identification arrhythmias, and recognition congestive heart failure. A data base including history, general examination, resting postexercise electrocardiogram are necessary evaluate most horses for significant disease. Additional studies, such as echocardiography catheterization, useful selected cases. Because some types disease amendable by therapy, an accurate diagnosis is needed direct treatment offer realistic prognosis.