The structure and function of the helical heart and its buttress wrapping. V. Anatomic and physiologic considerations in the healthy and failing heart.

摘要: A macroscopic structure of an elliptic heart, formed by the helix provided apical loop, is defined and related, initially, to normal function. To define sequence progressive muscular activity, cardiac pressure, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multiple gated acquisition (MUGA) records are reviewed. This novel format for helical heart then compared with historic studies ventricular structure. New concepts will show how basal loops cause initial isovolumetric contraction, together factors responsible contractile lengthening filling suction. The interaction these muscular-functional changes correlated basic electrophysiology (excitation-contraction) set stage alterations produced changing apex a sphere during congestive failure. Macroscopic in failure, which convert ellipse globe, as underpinning dilated cardiomyopathy. It our hypothesis that commonality this spheric left substrate becomes ischemic, idiopathic,