Overpotential effects in the formation of graphite nitrates

摘要: Abstract As in many other solid state transformations, excess chemical potential must be built up to start the change from crystal packing of graphite an intercalate compound. In conversion nitrate by nitric acid vapour, thresholds needed can measured conveniently and sensitively. The degree perfection various graphites correlated with intercalation observed. Using nitration starting near-ideal graphite, effects progressive exposure fast neutron irradiation followed down exposures less than 2 × 10 14 ncm −2 . Since dislocations free move permit intercalation, this high sensitiveness radiation damage gives a measure due creation dislocation pins. Saturation are apparent for doses order 15