An escape theory model for directionally moving prey and an experimental test in juvenile Chinook salmon.

摘要: Prey evaluate risk and make decisions based on the balance between costs of predation those engaging in antipredator behaviour. Economic escape theory has been valuable understanding responses stationary prey under risk; however, current models are not applicable for directionally moving prey. Here we present an extension existing that predicts how much is perceived by Perceived measured extent behaviour causes a change travel speed (the distance to destination divided total time reach destination). Cryptic or cautious slows speed, while may also up reduce predator-prey overlap. Next, applied sensitization hypothesis our model, which with more predator experience should engage behaviour, leads larger risk. We then compared qualitative predictions model results behavioural assay juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha varied their past experience. timed swimming downstream through mesh enclosure river without cues measure reaction predator. Hatchery had least experience, followed wild captured upstream (wild-upstream) wild-salmon (wild-downstream). Both groups slowed down response cues, whereas hatchery did speed. The magnitude group gradient previous supporting hypothesis. Moving animals conspicuous vulnerable predators. provide novel conceptual framework perceive decisions. Our study extends scope economic improves general non-lethal effects predators