作者: T.A. van Dijk
DOI: 10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00722-7
关键词: Ingroups and outgroups 、 Ideology 、 Social group 、 Social movement 、 Presupposition 、 Social psychology 、 Metaphor 、 Political science 、 Identity (social science) 、 Systematic ideology
摘要: In this article, an ideology is first defined, namely the foundation of socially shared mental representations a social group, and hence also basic cognitive basis for identity group. Ideologies are articulated by fundamental categories about group's identifying characteristics, actions, aims, norms values, relations to reference groups, resources. control other such as their knowledge attitudes, indirectly models group members form when engaging in concrete practices, well discourse. Political ideologies defined political parties, movements, so on. Ideologies expressed discourse way ideologically based people specific events, ideological they very communicative event itself (context). As suggested underlying polarized structures attitudes on them, discourses show polarization, emphasis Our (ingroup's) good things Their (outgroup's) bad (and correlated lack things). This overall strategy can be observed at level topic choice, local semantics description (precise vs. vague, general specific, explicit implicit, assertion presupposition, etc.), metaphor, rhetoric (hyperbole euphemism), surface structure expressions (shouting or big headlines whispering small headlines, etc.). Examples chosen from different discourses, parliamentary debates, party programs, campaign