Epidemiology and burden of HPV infection and related diseases: Implications for prevention strategies

摘要: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary, although not sufficient cause of cervical cancer. Globally, HPV accounts for an estimated 530,000 cancer cases (~270,000 deaths) annually, with the majority (86% cases, 88% occurring in developing countries. Approximately 90% anal cancers and smaller subset (<50%) other (oropharyngeal, penile, vaginal, vulvar) are also attributed to HPV. In total, 5.2% worldwide burden. HPVs 16 18 responsible 70% and, especially 16, large proportion cancers. Prophylactic vaccination targeting these genotypes therefore expected have major impact on burden as well that HPV-related Over past 50 years, organized or opportunistic screening Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology has led reductions most developed However, due lack resources inadequate infrastructure, many countries failed reduce mortality through screening. DNA testing recently emerged likely candidate replace Pap primary It less prone human error more sensitive than detecting high-grade lesions. For national programs, may serve low cost strategy monitor long term vaccine efficacy. Introduction programs should be priority all Increased support from donors needed this cause.