Low Impact Development Practices: A Review of Current Research and Recommendations for Future Directions

摘要: The low impact development (LID) approach has been recommended as an alternative to traditional stormwater design. Research on individual LID practices such bioretention, pervious pavements, and grassed swales increased in recent years. Bioretention cells have effective retaining large volumes of runoff pollutants site, consistently reduced concentrations certain metals. However, retention nitrate–nitrogen phosphorus problematic. Porous pavements extremely infiltrating runoff. Concerns raised about groundwater contamination, but research shown that this is not a problem most settings. Green roofs found retain percentage rainfall (63% average) variety climates. A common thread across green was found: the export phosphorus. issue appears be linked high levels soil media, or possibly fertilization turf planted areas. Solutions recommended. Contrary popular belief, bioretention continue infiltrate even with frost ground. Although issues identified pollutants, result mimicking pre-development hydrologic function. Future needs also identified.