Toward Improved Estimation of the Dynamic Topography and Ocean Circulation in the High Latitude and Arctic Ocean: The Importance of GOCE

摘要: The Arctic plays a fundamental role in the climate system and shows significant sensitivity to anthropogenic forcing ongoing change. Accelerated changes are already observed, including elevated air ocean temperatures, declines of summer sea ice extent thickness influencing albedo CO2 exchange, melting Greenland Ice Sheet increased thawing surrounding permafrost regions. In turn, hydrological cycle high latitude is expected undergo although date it challenging accurately quantify this. Moreover, temperature salinity surface waters Ocean Nordic Seas may also influence flow dense water through Denmark Strait, which found be precursor for Atlantic meridional overturning circulation with lead time around 10 years (Hawkins Sutton Geophys Res Lett 35:L11603, 2008). Evidently seas have far reaching influences on regional global environment variability, thus emphasizing need advanced quantitative understanding transport variability Ocean. this respect, study combines situ hydrographical data, drifter data direct current meter measurements, coupled ice–ocean models, radar altimeter latest GOCE-based geoid order estimate assess quality, usefulness validity new GOCE-derived mean dynamic topography studies estimates