Characterization of dual effects induced by antimicrobial peptides: regulated cell death or membrane disruption.

摘要: Abstract Background Some reports describe lysis mechanisms by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), while others the activation of regulated cell death. In this study, we compare death-inducing activities four β-hairpin AMPs (gomesin, protegrin, tachyplesin and polyphemusin II) along with their linear analogs in human erythroleukemia K562 line to investigate relationship between structure activity. Methods cells were exposed AMPs. Morphological biochemistry alterations evaluated using light microscopy, confocal microscopy flow cytometry. Results Gomesin protegrin displayed cytotoxic properties that counterparts did not. Tachyplesin II also induced We able distinguish two ways which these Lower concentrations controlled death mechanisms. Gomesin, linear-tachyplesin promoted apoptosis was characterized annexin labeling, sensitivity Z-VAD, caspase-3 activation, but inhibited necrostatin-1. dependent on intracellular Ca2+ participation free radicals observed Polyphemusin its analog mainly necrosis. Conversely, treatment higher primarily resulted membrane disruption, clearly different patterns action for each AMP tested. Conclusion Different actions at low despite similarity. General significance Controlled mechanism direct disruption distinguished helping understand real mammalian cells.