Pain Symptoms Associated with Opioid Use among Vulnerable Persons with HIV: An Exploratory Study with Implications for Palliative Care and Opioid Abuse Prevention:

摘要: Current or former injection drug users with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at high risk for pain, which adversely affects their quality of life and may increase illicit use relapse. We explored associations between pain symptoms substance among injection-drug-using study participants HIV who had histories heroin use. Using generalized estimating equations controlling prior use, we found that in each six-month period was associated the prescription opioids, but not nonopioid drugs alcohol. Routine clinical assessment improved management be needed persons a history particularly those chronic whom there is increased