Reprint of “Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) modulates dynamics of small pelagic fishes and ecosystem regime shifts in the eastern North and Central Atlantic”

摘要: Abstract Dynamics of abundance and migrations populations small pelagic clupeoid fish such as anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus ), sardine Sardina pilchardus sardinella Sardinella aurita sprat Sprattus sprattus ) herring Clupea harengus in the eastern North Central Atlantic between Senegal Norway vary synchrony with warm cool phases Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). This is shown by compiling retrospective data on catches anecdotal observations, which some cases date back to mid-19th century. The AMO defined de-trended mean (0–60°N) sea surface temperature anomalies. However, it not primarily drives dynamics populations. Instead, seems be a proxy for complex processes coupled atmosphere–ocean system Atlantic. manifested large-scale changes strength direction current that move water masses around likely involves (NAO), Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), Mediterranean Overflow Water (MOW) subpolar gyre (SPG). contractions expansions SPG apparently play key role. was particularly obvious mid-1990s, when abruptly contracted result subtropical moved north east. Small Atlantic, including those responded quickly changing abundances migrating northwards. It ocean–atmosphere are described text detail, caused regime shift ecosystems sentinels this shift.