Protected areas as refuges for pest species? The case of wild boar

摘要: Abstract Protected areas are often blamed for offering refuge to pest species populations, giving rise the so-called “reserve effect”. Nevertheless, this major conservation side effect has seldom been investigated or verified on a local scale. Along borders of two protected different size, we modelled wild boar individual likelihood being either inside outside throughout year, considering their activity rhythms and resource availability. No evidence reserve was found in small area, yet percentage moving across border smaller large one. Moreover, although use area resulted increase autumn, showed that not consequence hunting avoidance. Our results clearly highlighted importance verify scale with studies based detailed information animal spatial behaviour environmental variables.