Environmental Change in Mountains and Uplands

摘要: Part 1 Mountains and uplands - an introduction: mountain regions of the world importance to humankind current environmental socio-economic information statistics stresses emergence human factor global change fundamental issues. 2 Characterization environments: climate hydrological systems cryosphere soils ecological biodiversity environments data for research on environments. 3 Past in mountains proxy reconstructing past distant during last major glaciation holocene 20th century. 4 Modelling approaches assess significance modelling spatial temporal scales regional models semi-empirical methods statistical downscaling techniques ecosystem integrated assessment (IAM) limits range application models. 5 Natural forcings: causal mechanisms anthropogenic pressures environment pollution land-use changes change. 6 Impact natural challenges impacts assessments impact hydrology extreme events their geomorphologic features.