Assessing the sodium exchange capacity in rainfed and irrigated soils in the Mediterranean basin using GIS

摘要: The soil exchange complex consists of colloidal materials on which ion phenomena occur allowing it to attract, retain, and elements that have opposite electric charges. Since their mineral constituents (clay) organic components (humus) are mainly a negative nature retained or exchanged predominantly cations. Historically, failing monitor parameters like the sodium percentage (ESP) has led permanent deterioration soils become completely unproductive, largely reducing sustainability agricultural systems. This study assesses how capacity in irrigated differs from rainfed ones through sample survey was carried out 15,031 ha Caia Irrigation Perimeter adjacent areas, located municipalities Elvas Campo Maior, Portalegre District, Portugal where 14,280 georeferenced samples were collected top layer (0–20 cm), mixed 10 at time so each composite representing 11.1 ha. Then analyzed regarding most relevant for characterizing including concentrations bases Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). results arranged grid with 1451 entries. Using classical statistical analysis Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, possible relate individual cultural system practiced (irrigated rainfed) present group permitted us analyze influence complex. distribution chart CEC created. obtained confirm general decrease values an increase exchangeable content explored when compared ones, putting forward noteworthy ideas not only necessary changes towards these landscapes, but also considering impact productive techniques different