作者: Ciaran Lane , James Boxall , Dawn MacLellan , Peter A. Anderson , Linda Dodds
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPUROL.2017.02.007
关键词: Hypospadias 、 Obstetrics 、 Prevalence 、 Gynecology 、 Gastroschisis 、 Clubfoot 、 Endocrine system 、 Environmental exposure 、 Medicine 、 Cohort 、 Epidemiology
摘要: Introduction Several reports have suggested an increase in the prevalence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism over last few decades. Endocrine disruption caused by exposure to environmental chemicals has been postulated as a possible cause. Objectives The objectives our study were: 1) determine whether is increasing compared with other congenital anomalies not known be mediated endocrine factors; 2) perform geospatial analysis these malformations looking for clustering that could offer insight into risk factors. Material methods Data were obtained from Nova Scotia ATLEE Perinatal Database containing perinatal records all live births Scotia, Canada since 1988. Records 1988 2013 defined cohort. Overall rates trends year calculated hypospadias, cryptorchidism, gastroschisis, clubfoot. County residence was collected spatial autocorrelation testing performed each anomalies. Results There 258,147 during period. four period 78 per 10,000 male births, 75 clubfoot 24 total gastroschisis 4 births. Incidence rate ratios clubfoot, 1.00 (0.99–1.01), 0.99 (0.98–1.00), 0.98 (0.97–0.99), 1.04 (1.04–1.07), respectively. During period, region unchanged slightly reduced rising (Figure). Spatial revealed statistically significant (p = 0.03) (p = 0.03), while no observed malformations. Discussion Contrary previous studies we show are time region. Nonetheless, conditions area high regions world. Local without control, non-endocrine supports unique distribution associated exposure. The hotspots identified intense agricultural activity. Conclusions Our found 26-year factors. Geospatial areas activity. Figure. Trends (observed/predicted) 1988–2013. Figure options Download full-size image Download high-quality image (136 K) Download PowerPoint slide