Global typology of urban energy use and potentials for an urbanization mitigation wedge

摘要: The aggregate potential for urban mitigation of global climate change is insufficiently understood. Our analysis, using a dataset 274 cities representing all city sizes and regions worldwide, demonstrates that economic activity, transport costs, geographic factors, form explain 37% direct energy use 88% use. If current trends in expansion continue, will increase more than threefold, from 240 EJ 2005 to 730 2050. model shows planning policies can limit the future 540 2050 contribute mitigating change. However, effective reducing greenhouse gas emissions differ with type. results show that, affluent mature cities, higher gasoline prices combined compact result savings both residential In contrast, developing-country emerging or nascent infrastructures, form, encourage population densities subsequently avoid lock-in high carbon emission patterns travel. underscore significant urbanization wedge rapidly urbanizing Asia, Africa, Middle East.