A multiple metrics approach to prioritizing strategies for measuring and managing reactive nitrogen in the San Joaquin Valley of California

摘要: Human alteration of the nitrogen cycle exceeds safe planetary boundary for use reactive (Nr). We complement global analysis by analyzing regional mass flows and relative consequences multiple chemical forms Nr as they 'cascade' through environmental media. The goals this paper are (1) to identify amounts that flow a specific rich region, (2) develop metrics characterize compare different damages cause, (3) these assess most societally acceptable cost effective means addressing many dimensions damage. This uses approach in addition considers economic damage, health mitigation costs qualitative evaluate options mitigating California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV). Most focuses attention on agricultural because it is largest terms mass. In contrast, identifies mobile source emissions creating damage SJV. Emissions from sources smaller than those crop agriculture dairy SJV, but benefits abatement greater reduced impacts air pollution, lower. Our findings illustrate benefit comprehensive management.