The Role of Maternal Smoking in Effect of Fetal Growth Restriction on Poor Scholastic Achievement in Elementary School

摘要: Fetal growth restriction and maternal smoking during pregnancy are independently implicated in lowering intellectual attainment children. We hypothesized that only reduction of fetal is attributable to extrinsic causes (e.g., smoking) affects development a child. Cross-sectional survey 3,739 students Nova Scotia (Canada) 2003 was linked with the perinatal database, parental interviews on socio-demographic factors performance standardized tests when primarily 11–12 years age, thereby forming retrospective cohort. Data analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression correction for clustering children within schools. The risk poor test result among born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) mothers who smoked 29.4%, higher than any other strata growth. adjusted odds ratio SGA one elevated compared were not restricted did smoke (17.0%, OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.02, 2.09). Other perinatal, alter this pattern effect modification. Heterogeneity etiology should be consider studies address examine its impact health over life course.