Piglets vocally express the anticipation of pseudo-social contexts in their grunts.

摘要: Emotions not only arise in reaction to an event but also while anticipating it, making this context a means of accessing the emotional value events. Before now, anticipatory studies have rarely considered whether vocalisations carry information about states. We studied both grunts piglets and their spatial behaviour as they anticipated two (pseudo)social events known elicit positive emotions different intensity: arrival familiar conspecifics human. Piglets spatially pseudo-social contexts, spectro temporal features differed according context. produced low-frequency at higher rate when compared Spectral noise increased expected conspecifics, whereas duration frequency range expecting When was delayed, grunt increased, human spectral parameters were comparable those during isolation. This shows that vocal expressions anticipation are specific reward. Vocal expressions-both features- thus good way explore state challenging