Hydrothermal Alteration of Organic Matter in Marine and Terrestrial Systems

摘要: The discovery in 1977 of active hydrothermal venting and associated mineralization at the seafloor spreading center Galapagos (Corliss et al., 1979) initiated extensive surveys global ridge crests. Hydrothermal systems with ocean centers are now recognized as a relatively common phenomenon thus one most actively researched topics geology, biology, geochemistry. morphology, mineralization, fluid chemistry have been reviewed (e.g., Barrett Jambor, 1988; Rona, Rona 1983; Von Damm, 1990) related to ancient deposits Franklin 1981; Scott, 1985). Other nonrift areas analogous tectonically subduction zones, fracture back-arc basins. major niche for fauna carrying out chemosynthetic biochemistry. This characterization new species is main topic biology Jones, 1985; Childress, Grassle,