Damage prevention methods in Europe: experiences from LIFE nature projects

摘要: Management of damage caused by wolf to domestic livestock is a crucial measure that must be part an integrated management strategy. Despite the existence responsible authorities for tackling such aspects, resources are often insufficient addressing complex issues. LIFE Nature projects represent valid tool implementation measures conservation as species included in Annexes Habitat Directive priority species. In last ten years, over 30 targeting were financed EU. Measures adopted largely consistent and coherent with Action plan Conservation Wolf Europe published Council 2000. The COEX project was implemented Portugal, Spain, France, Italy Croatia from 2004 2008, represented excellent example international collaboration amplification knowledge experiences at different levels. Adapted local conditions, achieved extremely positive results, particularly areas where wolves expanding. As example, after installation electric fences, suffered holdings attacks decreased 100\% 99% Spain 58% Italy. France intersectoral involvement (tourism agriculture), which have contributed development participatory approach management. acquired during process being transferred other places through EX-TRA WOLFNET projects. former involves Italy, Bulgaria, Greece Romania, while latter three national parks results obtained encouraging future Projects should capitalise on done, making use studies researches will allow maximisation efficacy measures.