Caffeine as an indicator for the quantification of untreated wastewater in karst systems.

摘要: Abstract Contamination from untreated wastewater leakage and related bacterial contamination poses a threat to drinking water quality. However, quantification of the magnitude is difficult. The objective this work provide highly sensitive methodology for estimation mass entering karst aquifers with rapid recharge. For purpose balance approach adapted. It based on flow caffeine in spring water, load daily consumption per person catchment area. Caffeine source-specific indicator wastewater, consumed discharged quantities allowing detection spring. was applied estimate amount leaking infiltrating well investigated aquifer basis. calculated mean volume found be 2.2 ± 0.5 m3 d−1 (undiluted wastewater). corresponds approximately 0.4% total within catchment.