Seasonal variation in survey and sales estimates of alcohol consumption

摘要: Time variation of drinking is substantial and has an effect on aggregate estimates consumption. In this article it shown that because a considerable seasonal in consumption (+/- 20%) serious bias annual can be expected surveys with limited time frame. The present study analyzes data collected the general population Netherlands from March 1985 through December (including Christmas New Year's Eve). Since was sensitivity to temporal fluctuations might not equal for different methods measurement, several indices were compared. Although assessed varies indeed across types male female subsample alcoholic beverage, tendency highest spring season lowest autumn. Sales figures fluctuate accordingly. It evident risk biased larger shorter frame survey. Seasonal frequency domain. Furthermore, exclusion collective holidays, during which people drink more often per occasion (viz., Christmas), increases estimates. Even abstention, but also regular heavy among women, appear vary considerably over three seasons study. main conclusion results comparisons survey drinking, particularly those time, are or less invalid if respective frames do correspond.