Neurochemistry of appetite mechanisms

摘要: Appetite is normally controlled to some extent by the metabolic effects of ingesting nutrients (Booth, Toates & Platt, 1976). Some these may be neurochemical. Diet can affect production a neurotransmitter and this mechanism might function in appetite if transmitter influence feeding (Fernstrom Wurtman, I 974). However, neurotransmitters could relate at least two other ways, possibly quite independently. Transmitter release operation of, or even create, an appetite-controlling detector nutrient status 1972b). Alternatively, synapses controlling happen relatively specific system (Miller, 1965; Myers, 1974) yet neither detection nor functionally affected diet. Barrett (1978) has reviewed work on actions appetite-suppressant drugs. We concentrate causes neurochemical variations which involved control behaviour, whether not are immediately implicated. Two complexities should acknowledged from start. First, neurochemistry peripheral neurones, brain tissue. Nerve endings autonomic innervation liver have been evidenced electron-microscopically (Tanikawa, 968) electrophysiologically (Niijima, 1969) invoked Russek (1963, 1970) as chemical receptors great normal feeding. Secondly, many controls man mammals appear learned, early life, although no means exclusively so. Only after learning experience aftereffects do appearances flavours textures nutritious foodstuffs become appetizing (Hogan, 1973; Reisbick, Booth, Stoloff Nicholls, 1974). Furthermore, elicited food alone. The rituals, situations times day that generally yielded amelioration need, sensations often experienced when individual needs faced with then eaten, also all part situation; is, they tend direct behaviour into eating appropriate roughly suitable amount (Bruch, Konorski, 1967; 1977a,b). One implication events biochemical bases occur while being established unfamiliar meal drug; need present resulting repeatedly observable afterwards (for examples, see 1972~;