作者: Lars Holmberg , Mieke Van Hemelrijck
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-45195-9_1
关键词: Oncology 、 Watchful waiting 、 Prostate-specific antigen 、 Androgen receptor 、 Internal medicine 、 Prostate cancer 、 Cancer research 、 Family history 、 Disease 、 Prostate 、 Androgen deprivation therapy 、 Biology
摘要: This chapter aims to serve as a quick glance outlining an overall picture of mainstream thoughts, and point departure for more thorough discussions. The introduction PSA testing has immensely complicated research in prostate cancer epidemiology biology added new clinical biological domains. As many cancers, age ethnic origin are the strongest known risk factors. While migrant studies imply that environment and/or personal life style is important, epidemiological have failed establish any strong leads. Despite androgen dependence cancer, there little support circulating levels androgens, estrogens or 5-alpha-reductase associated with developing disease. However, consistent finding positive association Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1). Prostate one cancers most strongly related inherited susceptibility, even when taking into account family history triggers among relatives. A number somatic genetic alterations (amplifications, deletions, mutations, translocations) risk. Findings FASN, HPN, AMACR MYC been fairly consistent. Recent shows notion “hormone-independent cancer” be revised: remain dependent on receptor signalling also after progression despite traditional deprivation therapy. Traditional markers stage type disease still play major role prognostication treatment decisions. few where patients recommended watchful waiting active surveillance. provides opportunities natural understanding aetiology progressed slowly. current situation positively challenging opens up possibilities fruitful research.