Urine doping controls: the athletes’ perspective

摘要: Urine doping controls have become a part of the daily lives elite athletes. However, little knowledge is available on how athletes perceive these controls. In order to investigate this question, four hundred completed an online survey in which they replied open and closed questions about their experiences. The results showed that approve testing majority them are careful report all substances consumed. Fear false positive test result despite not having taken forbidden concern for half athletes, significantly more female younger Furthermore, third experiencing stress caused by urination difficulty during control, smaller group (approximately one out seven) feel personal integrity violated because someone watching urinate. addition, quarter urine performed at home ...