Adaptive evolution of butterfly wing shape: from morphology to behaviour

摘要: Butterflies display extreme variation in wing shape associated with tremendous ecological diversity. Disentangling the role of neutral versus adaptive processes diversification remains a challenge for evolutionary biologists. Ascertaining how natural selection influences evolution requires both functional studies linking morphology to flight performance, and investigations performance wild fitness. However, direct links between morphological fitness have rarely been established. The butterfly has investigated but selective forces acting on behaviour received less attention. Here, we attempt estimate relevance morpho-functional established through biomechanical order understand morphology. We survey evidence sexual driving butterflies, discuss our knowledge may allow identification involved, at macro- micro-evolutionary scales. Our review shows that although correlations factors macro-evolutionary level, underlying pressures often remain unclear. identify need investigate relevant contexts detect fitness-related traits. Identifying regime then should guide experimental towards estimates performance. Habitat, predators sex-specific behaviours are likely be major butterflies. Some striking cases divergence driven by contrasting ecology involve body morphology, indicating their interactions included future investigating co-evolution behaviour.