Occurrence of ectomycorrhizal fungi on the forefront of retreating Lyman Glacier (Washington, USA) in relation to time since deglaciation

摘要: Glacier forefronts provide a unique system for studying primary succession of plants and fungi. We constructed chronosequence ectomycorrhizal fungus occurrence on the forefront Lyman in North Cascades mountain range Washington, USA. The plant communities established non-vegetated substrate as patchily distributed individuals de- veloped towards complex vegetation with variety hosts, including Salix commutata, S. phylicifolia, Abies lasiocarpa, Larix lyallii, Pinus con- torta, Tsuga mertensianaand additional infrequent taxa. A most probable number assay sub- strates over indicated that ectomy- corrhizal propagules were few or absent non-vege- tated areas adjacent to glacier terminus but increased time since deglaciation. Ectomycorrhizal sporocarps occurred soon first host substantial size present. However, none ob- served recently hosts - small A. lasiocarpa seedlings. Only four species ( Cortinarius decipiens, C. tenebricus, Inocybe lacera, Laccaria cf. montana) deglaciated less than 40 years. Three these I. L. along chrono- sequence terminal moraine deglacia- ted 70-100 An five (one un- identified each Lactarius, mutabilis, Lactarius uvidus var. montanus, Suillus cavipes) only oldest strate. Our results support current "early- late- stage" model enter community time. we hypothesize diversification my- this successional habitat resulted from an increasing diversity changing attributes.