Urban Wildlife Management

摘要: Introduction: A New Wildlife Management Paradigm Part I Urban Landscapes Chapter One Management: Past and Present Key Concepts Brief History of in North America Rise the American Conservation Movement Changing Values Kind Categorizing The Unique Ecology Behavior Special Challenges for within Settings Ecosystems Habitats Sociopolitical Factors Considerations An Species Interest: Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Pet Raccoons Economics as Disease Vectors Diet Denning Population Densities Profile: Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) Activities Literature Cited Two Landscape Demographic That Set Stage Separation People Nature Need Areas Public Education Programs About Outcomes Human-Wildlife Encounters Urbanites to Reconnect With Natural World Are Increasing, Sometimes Nuisance Levels Some Insights into Magnitude Problems Most Concern: National Analysis Regional Economic Impact Damage Resources by Wildlife: Overview a Dominant Focus Professionals Infrastructure Is Missing Case Study : Neighborhood Moose Killed Kindness Bobcat (Lynx rufus) II Three Ecological Principles Context Diversity Interrelationships Cycles Energy Ecosystem Structure Abiotic Biotic Food Chains Webs Symbiotic Relationships Communities Flora Fauna Function Biogeochemical Thermodynamics Matter Succession Services Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica) Four Soils Introduction Soil Formation Horizons Functions Biota Their Impacts Urbanization on Modification: Compaction Surface Crusting Modified Reaction Anthropogenic Materials Increased Temperatures Taking Better Care Implications Moles (Talpidae spp ) Five Waters Flow Water through an Community Sources Uses Discharge Recycle Cycle-Nature's Filter Transpiration Loop Groundwater Evaporation Caring For Cycle Riparian Corridors: Streams Rivers Effects Pollutants Stream Channelization Aquatic Chain Fish Indicator Restoration Wetlands Gardens Constructed (Community) Fisheries Summary Beaver (Castor canadensis) Six Dynamics Survival Adaptations Density Affecting How Populations Grow Growth Rate Patterns Habitat Fragmentation Supplemental Feeding Animal Control Environmental Tree Squirrels (Sciurus Activity PART III URBAN HABITATS AND HAZARDS Seven Green Spaces Remnant Patches Successional Managed Cemeteries Golf Courses Centers Rural versus Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Acknowledgment Eight Gray Buildings, Windows, Towers Buildings Windows Communication Wind Roads Highways Mortality Overpasses, Underpasses, Escape Routes Structural Design Bridges, Birds, Bats Landfills, Dumpsters, Garbage Cans Organic Waste Accumulations: Concept Promote Presence at Landfills Standards Used Landfill Siting Types Found around Conflicts Airports Airport Zoning Attracted Interactions Priorities Mexican Free-Tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) IV SOCIOPOLITICAL ISSUES Nine Human Dimensions "People Factor" Conducting Research Surveying Recreationists Role Participation Wildlife-Associated Recreation Quality Life Issues Conflict HD Methods Resolving Ducks Traffic Coyotes (Canis latrans) What Coyote? Range Expansion Coping with Coyotes-Management Plans Coyote Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Ten Working Stakeholders Inviting Everyone Table Policy (and Who) Stakeholder? Face Guide Major Government (Public Sector) Federal Tribal Governments State Territorial Local Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) Academic Institutions Disagree Best Approach Managing Fallow Deer Black Bear (Ursus americanus) Eleven Legal Aspects Law Laws Lacey Act Migratory Bird Treaty Endangered County Municipal Ordinances Who Charge Here? Protecting Health Safety All Operation Remove Excrement Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) V SPECIAL MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS Twelve Selected Houston Toad (Bufo houstonensis) San Joaquin Kit macrotis mutica) Florida (Odocoileu virginianus clavium) Introduced House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Nutria (Myocastor coypus) Feral Pigeons (Columba livia) Free-Ranging Domestic Cats (Felis catus) Hogs (Sus scrofa) Thirteen Zoonoses Zoonoses? Parasitic Diseases Protozoa Helminths Trematodes (Flukes) Cestodes (Tapeworms) Nematodes (Roundworms) Mycotic Aspergillosis Histoplasmosis Bacterial Plague Tularemia Viral Rabies Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) West Nile Virus (WNV) Prion Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Scrapie Chronic Wasting Robin (Turdus migratorius Linnaeus) Fourteen Distribution, Abundance, Resident Canada Geese White-Tailed Contributed To Abundance Extent Problem: Assessment Human-White-Tailed Objectives Questions Included Results Distribution Continental United States Response Related Lyme Feasible Acceptable Strategies Overabundant Avoiding Problem Getting Root Cause Attack Symptoms Do Nothing Tale Cities Citizen Survey Questionnaire Development Educational Program Index