Differential effects of landscape and management on diversity and density of ground-dwelling farmland spiders

摘要: Summary 1 The distribution and abundance of animals are influenced by factors at both local wider landscape scales. Natural enemies pests in arable fields often immigrate from the surrounding landscape, also management practices. Thus, diversification farming methods may enhance farmland biodiversity, but their relative roles possible interactions have been little explored. 2 The relationships ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae) to features organic agriculture were studied 12 pairs vs. conventional winter wheat Triticum aestivum along a gradient complexity. 3 High percentages non-crop habitats increased species richness 20 species, irrespective management. This indicates that larger pools sustained complex landscapes, where there is higher availability refuge overwintering habitats. 4 Organic did not increase number spider enhanced density 62%. Additionally, was positively related percentage only fields. 5 Synthesis applications. The crop linked large-scale complexity, while densities responded Organic benefits augments numbers predatory spiders, thereby contributing pest control. However, measures conserve must take landscape-scale into account. Complex landscapes including perennial should be preserved or restored achieve high levels diversity.