Electrochemical energy storage: batteries and capacitors

摘要: Focus This chapter explains and discusses present issues future prospects of batteries supercapacitors for electrical energy storage. Materials aspects are the central focus a consideration basic science behind these devices, principal types their major components (electrodes, electrolyte, separator). Both experimental modeling discussed, in context needed advancements battery supercapacitor technology. Synopsis Electrical storage is on many scales: from milliwatts electronic devices to multi-megawatts large grid based, load-leveling stations today effective commercialization renewable resources such as solar wind energy. Consider example hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) (Chapter 31). In HEVs, and/or capacitors used capture evolved braking, HEV buses use an all-electric drive, which allows them get up traffic speed much faster than regular buses, pollute less while moving, generate zero pollution when standing. The next generation will be plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), require larger batteries. addition, (EVs) might find niche markets city postal delivery vans, utility-repair that stop start frequently have limited daily ranges; high-cost hot-rod sports cars; small commuter cars. all transportation applications, low cost long life essential commercial success. Judging by criteria, most, if not all, decade could HEVs. However, capacitor systems, increased market penetration PHEVs EVs further technical improvements make fully competitive.