Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

摘要: The lentivirus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS by interacting with a large number of different cells in the body and escaping host immune response against it. HIV is transmitted primarily through blood genital fluids to newborn infants from infected mothers. steps occurring infection involve an interaction not only CD4 molecule on but also other cellular receptors recently identified. Virus-cell fusion entry subsequently take place. Following infection, variety intracellular mechanisms determine relative expression viral regulatory accessory genes leading productive or latent infection. With CD4+ lymphocytes, replication can cause syncytium formation cell death; cells, such as macrophages, persistent occur, creating reservoirs for many tissues. strains are highly heterogeneous, certain biologic serologic properties determined specific genetic sequences be linked pathogenic pathways resistance response. reaction HIV, neutralizing antibodies particularly strong responses, keep suppressed years. Long-term survival appears relatively low-virulence strain that remains sensitive response, control CD8+ antiviral activity. Several therapeutic approaches have been attempted, others under investigation. Vaccine development has provided some encouraging results, observations indicate major challenge preventing HIV. Ongoing research necessary find solution this devastating worldwide epidemic.