SPECIFIC READING DISABILITY— STREPHOSYMBOLIA

作者: SAMUEL T. ORTON

DOI: 10.1001/JAMA.1928.02690410007003

关键词: SpellingVirtuous circle and vicious circleReading disabilityCognitive psychologyHandwritingObserver (special relativity)Mirror writingLearning to readStrephosymboliaMedicine

摘要: It has long been recognized that there are certain children who have a more or less selective difficulty in learning to read. The earlier observers of this condition, among them Berkhan,1in 1885, apparently assumed it was related general mental defect and described such cases as partial imbeciles (halbidiote). A complete inability learn read, particularly when is associated often with atrocious handwriting poor spelling, naturally enough would incline the uncritical observer assume child was, if not truly defective, at least bright he should be accomplish his school tasks. Very logic explanation forms typical vicious circle. said feebleminded because cannot read feebleminded. Gradually,

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