Neurocognitive Endophenotypes for Bipolar Disorder: Evidence from Case-Control, Family and Twin Studies

摘要: Endophenotypes are observable and quanti-fi able traits, which considered to be more immediate sequelae of a complex disease genotype than the clinical syndrome. Their presumed greater genetic simplicity biological proximity subst rates, has sparked enthusiasm about potential role endophenotypes in ‘dissection’ psychiatric disorders. Bipolar illness, several its reliable cognitive correlates, have substantial herita-bilities, inviting hypothesis that two phenotypes tend co-occur because they share susceptibility genes. We critically discuss notion dysfunction is integral bipolar diathesis by drawing evidence from population based studies children, adolescents young adults who develop illness later life, euthymic patients, investigations non-bipolar fi rst-degree relatives affected probands. The balance suggests recall word lists, learning occurs over repeated presentations list items, deserve consideration as putative endopheno-types for do delayed verbal recall, circumscribed aspects selective attention, response inhibition resistance interference. However, most consistent family twin date involves negative rather positive ndings. In addition, with genetically informative designs scarce, while assumptions underlying endophenotypic approach need undergo rigorous empirical investigation.