Individual- and area-level characteristics associated with alcohol-related mortality among adult Lithuanian males: A multilevel analysis based on census-linked data.

摘要: BACKGROUND Although excessive alcohol-related mortality in the post-Soviet countries remains major public health threat, determinants of this phenomenon are still poorly understood. AIMS We assess simultaneously individual- and area-level factors associated with an elevated risk among Lithuanian males aged 30-64. METHODS Our analysis is based on a census-linked dataset containing information characteristics death events which occurred between March 1st, 2011 December 31st, 2013. limit to few causes directly linked alcohol consumption: accidental poisonings by (X45) liver cirrhosis (K70 K74). Multilevel Poisson regression models random intercepts applied estimate rate ratios (MRR). RESULTS The selected individual-level important predictors mortality, whereas variables show much less pronounced or insignificant effects. Compared married men, never (MRR = 1.9, CI:1.6-2.2), divorced 2.6, CI:2.3-2.9), widowed 2.4, CI: 1.8-3.1) men disadvantaged groups. Men who have lowest level educational attainment highest 1.7 CI:1.4-2.1). Being unemployed five-fold 5.1, 4.4-5.9), even after adjusting for all other individual variables. advantage over Russian 1.3, CI:1.1-1.6) Polish 1.8, 1.5-2.2) males. After characteristics, only two out seven variables-i.e., share ethnic minorities population election turnout-have statistically significant direct associations. These contribute higher at level. CONCLUSIONS huge increasing socio-economic disparities indicate that recently implemented anti-alcohol measures Lithuania should be reinforced specific targeting most groups geographical areas.