Extracellular vesicles and chronic inflammation during HIV infection

摘要: Inflammation is a hallmark of HIV infection. Among the multiple stimuli that can induce inflammation in untreated infection, ongoing viral replication primary driver. After initiation effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), drastically reduced or halted. However, even virologically controlled patients may continue to have abnormal levels inflammation. A number factors been proposed cause infection: among others, residual (low-level) replication, production protein RNA absence microbial translocation from gut circulation, co-infections, and loss immunoregulatory responses. Importantly, chronic HIV-infected individuals increases risk for non-infectious co-morbidities, including cancer cardiovascular disease. Thus, achieving better understanding underlying mechanisms HIV-associated presence cART utmost importance. Extracellular vesicles emerged as novel actors intercellular communication, involved myriad physiological pathological processes, In this review, we will discuss role extracellular pathogenesis with particular emphasis on their inducers